What is Arthritis?

Arthritis is not a single condition but a term used to describe joint pain or joint disease. It affects people of all ages and can lead to reduced mobility, discomfort, and decreased quality of life.

The most common types of arthritis include:

• Osteoarthritis (OA):
  The most common form of arthritis, affecting millions worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage between joints wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA):
  An autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and long-term joint damage.
• Gout:
  A type of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to severe pain and swelling, often in the big toe.
• Psoriatic Arthritis:
  A condition linked to psoriasis, causing inflammation in the joints and skin
• Ankylosing Spondylitis:
  A form of arthritis that mainly affects the spine, causing stiffness and discomfort, particularly in the lower back.

Symptoms of Arthritis

The symptoms of arthritis vary depending on the type but often include:

• Joint pain and tenderness
• Swelling and stiffness
• Reduced range of motion
• Warmth or redness around affected joints
• Fatigue and general discomfort (especially with inflammatory types like RA)

Managing Arthritis: Self-Help & Lifestyle Changes

Although arthritis has no cure, there are many ways to manage symptoms and maintain an active lifestyle.

Although arthritis has no cure, there are many ways to manage symptoms and maintain an active lifestyle.

• Keep Moving – Exercise for Joint Health
  Regular physical activity can help keep joints flexible, strengthen muscles, and reduce stiffness. Low-impact exercises are best, such as:
  • Walking
    Helps maintain mobility without putting too much stress on joints.
  • Swimming or Water Aerobics
    Supports the body while reducing joint impact.
  • Yoga or Tai Chi
    Improves flexibility, balance, and relaxation.
  • Strength Training
    Strengthens muscles around joints for better support.
• Healthy Eating for Joint Support
  A balanced diet can help reduce inflammation and support joint health. Consider:
  
  • Omega-3 Fatty Acids
    Found in oily fish (salmon, mackerel), flaxseeds, and walnuts, they help reduce inflammation.
  • Antioxidant-Rich Foods
    Berries, leafy greens, and nuts help protect cells from damage.
  • Whole Grains & Fiber
    Brown rice, oats, and whole wheat help reduce inflammation markers in the body.
  • Limit Processed Foods & Sugar
    These can increase inflammation and worsen symptoms.
• Weight Management
  Carrying extra weight places additional strain on the joints, especially the knees, hips, and spine. Losing even a small amount of weight can reduce pain and improve mobility.
  
  • Eat a nutritious, well-balanced diet
  • Stay active with low-impact exercise
  • Get support if needed—small changes make a big difference!

Medical Treatments for Arthritis

If lifestyle changes are not enough to manage symptoms, several medical options are available:

• Pain Relief Medications
  Over-the-counter painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or prescription medications can help reduce pain.
•  Steroid Injections
  These provide temporary relief for joint inflammation and pain.
• Physiotherapy 
  A physiotherapist can provide tailored exercises to improve movement and strengthen muscles.
• Joint Supports & Braces
  Help stabilise and support affected joints
• Biologic & Disease-Modifying Drugs (DMARDs)
  Used mainly for inflammatory arthritis, such as RA, to slow disease progression.

Tip: Always consult your doctor or specialist before starting any new treatment.

Preventing Joint Damage & Reducing Flare-Ups

Although some forms of arthritis cannot be prevented, you can take steps to protect your joints and reduce flare-ups:

• Maintain Good Posture
  Sitting and standing with good posture reduces joint strain.
• Use Assistive Devices
  Walking aids, cushioned shoes, or ergonomic tools can reduce joint pressure.
• Take Breaks
  Avoid repetitive motions that can stress joints—alternate activities to give joints rest.
• Manage Stress
  Stress can worsen inflammation, so relaxation techniques like meditation, deep breathing, or hobbies can help.
• Stay Hydrated
  Water helps keep joints lubricated and healthy.

When to Seek Medical Help

If arthritis symptoms worsen, interfere with daily activities, or significantly impact your quality of life, seek medical advice. A healthcare professional can help tailor a treatment plan to manage pain and maintain mobility.

See a doctor if you experience:

• Sudden or severe joint pain and swelling
• Joints that feel warm to the touch or appear red
• Persistent pain that does not improve with rest or medication
• Difficulty moving joints or performing everyday tasks