Understanding Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break. It develops gradually and is often diagnosed only after a minor fall causes a fracture.

This section explores the causes, risk factors, prevention strategies, and treatments available for osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a manageable condition with the right approach. A combination of diet, exercise, and medical treatment can help maintain bone health and reduce fracture risks.

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What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. It occurs when bone density decreases faster than the body can replace it, leading to fragile bones.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease" because it has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. However, signs may include:

• Back pain caused by vertebral fractures
• Loss of height over time
• Stooped posture
• Increased risk of fractures from minor falls

Causes and Risk Factors

• Aging
  Bone density naturally decreases with age.
• Hormonal Changes
  Menopause reduces estrogen levels, accelerating bone loss.
• Lack of Calcium & Vitamin D
  Essential for bone strength.
• Sedentary Lifestyle
  Lack of weight-bearing exercise weakens bones.
• Medical Conditions & Medications
  Some treatments (e.g., steroids) increase bone loss.
• Smoking & Excess Alcohol
  Both reduce bone density.

Preventing Osteoporosis

While osteoporosis cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can reduce the risk:

• Eat a Bone-Healthy Diet
  Include calcium-rich foods like dairy, leafy greens, and fortified cereals.
• Get Enough Vitamin D
  Sun exposure and supplements help the body absorb calcium.
• Exercise Regularly
  Weight-bearing and resistance exercises strengthen bones.
• Avoid Smoking and Excess Alcohol
  Both weaken bone structure.
• Prevent Falls
  Improve balance with Tai Chi and remove home hazards.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Osteoporosis is diagnosed through a DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan, which measures bone density.

Treatment Options

• Medications
  Bisphosphonates, hormone therapy, and bone-building drugs.
• Dietary Supplements:
  Calcium and vitamin D to support bone health.
• Exercise & Lifestyle Changes
  Strength training and fall prevention.

Living with Osteoporosis

Managing osteoporosis involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, following prescribed treatments, and making home adjustments to prevent falls. Simple steps like installing grab bars in bathrooms and wearing supportive shoes can reduce fracture risks.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you experience a fracture from a minor fall or notice changes in height and posture, consult a doctor. Early diagnosis can prevent severe complications.